Connecting the Mouth and Mind in Patients With Alzheimer Disease

Neurological and/or cognitive issues, such as depression, delirium, dementia, and Alzheimer disease (AD), are common among older adults. While they may appear to have similar presentations, they can typically be diagnosed more definitively. Accurate diagnosis is essential to developing an effective treatment plan.¹ Oral health professionals need to be knowledgeable about AD and its impact on systemic and oral health in order to provide high-quality patient care.

AD is anticipated to impact more than 12 million people worldwide by 2050.² The disease, known for its initial effect on neuro/cognitive functioning, is caused by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that cause brain synapses and neuron death.² While post-mortem examination remains the definitive diagnostic method, AD can now be diagnosed with validated clinical criteria and biomarker evidence.

The progression of AD comes in three stages (Table 1).³ In the early or mild stage, the individual is able to function independently but begins to notice memory challenges. These memory lapses are often noticed, not only by the individual, but family and friends as well. In the second stage, moderate dementia, memory becomes worse. Assistance completing tasks associated with personal hygiene and food preparation may be needed in this stage. The final, or severe, stage requires around-the-clock care and includes the inability to complete activities of daily living.⁴

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* References and figures can be found in the original article via the link above.