Examining the Oral-Systemic Link
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The etiology for periodontitis is bacterial plaque, now referred to as the periodontal microbiome, but the pathogenesis of the disease—and the mechanisms of tissue breakdown and progressive bone loss—are immune-inflammatory. In the oral cavity, the tooth crown is colonized by commensal bacteria in organized bacterial biofilms, commonly known as plaque. Periodontal diseases begin with gingivitis, which is an inflammation of the gingiva induced by chronic exposure to dental biofilm.
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